Influence of atomizer exit area ratio on the breakup morphology of coaxial air and round water jets

The goal of this article is to study the effect of atomizer exit area ratio on atomizer performance. The experiments are performed on the round liquid jet breakup of seven coaxial air‐blast atomizers with water–air systems. The breakup morphology of liquid jet is observed first. The membrane‐type breakup can be divided into two subregimes called bag‐type breakup and membrane‐fiber breakup, and a correlation of characteristic length on bag‐type breakup regime is obtained. Then, we analyze the influence of atomizer exit area ratio on the breakup morphology of water‐air jets. To obtain reasonable atomization morphology criterions, the atomizer exit area ratio is used to modify the Weber number and momentum flux ratio per unit volume. This method is found to be able to explain different experimental results in the literature, which is also close to the results of round liquid jet in cross air flow and secondary atomization. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2335–2345, 2014     

变换炉卸料口接管焊缝裂纹产生的原因及处理

针对变换炉运行一段时间后卸料口接管与变换炉本体焊接处出现的贯穿性裂纹,分析其原因,并在运行过程中采取了一系列预处理措施,有效控制了泄漏;在检修时制定了改造措施,最终消除了这一设备缺陷。     

常压储罐的安全泄放设施设计

从常压储罐的呼吸阀和气封系统设计方面,简要介绍储罐的安全泄放设施设计选用的主要原则和计算方法。     

关于安全阀计算探讨

介绍了安全阀的相关术语以及各种事故工况的具体原因分析,阐述了几种物质在不同物态、工况下的计算方法,最后运用项目的具体实例逐步对安全阀的泄放量以及泄放面积计算进行了详细的描述。安全阀的选型计算,特别是安全泄放量的计算是否正确直接关系到设备乃至人身的安全,而安全阀涉及不同工况下所对应的计算方法不一样,比较复杂,文章中根据项目实例,列举了几种特殊情况下安全阀的计算     

等离子体-催化剂体系下甲苯加氢反应

探索了等离子体介质阻挡放电甲苯加氢工艺的行为。反应产物的气相色谱分析结果表明甲基环己烷为主产物。单因素实验法考察不同因素对甲苯加氢反应行为的影响,初步推测等离子体环境下甲苯加氢反应包含三种机理:加成反应、取代反应、C-C键断裂反应。研究发现,通过增大放电功率和催化剂(Ni/SiO2)协同作用,可使甲基环己烷转化率趋于最佳值。在反应条件为:"一段式"催化剂装填方式,0.30 g催化剂固载于0.1 g玻璃纤维上,催化剂活性金属组分含量17%(wt);放电电压8.4 k V;电极直径50 mm;气体配比(VH2/VC7H8)31;停留时间21 s,其甲苯转化率可达78.4%,甲基环己烷选择性72.2%。     

滑动弧放电等离子体法用于二甲醚重整制氢简

Gliding arc gas discharge plasma was used for the generation of hydrogen from steam reforming of dimethyl ether （DME）. A systemic procedure was employed to determine the suitable experimental conditions. It was found that DME conversion first increased up to the maximum and then decreased slightly with the increase of added water and air. The increase of total feed gas flow rate resulted in the decrease of DME conversion and hydrogen yield, but hydrogen energy consumption dropped down to the lowest as total feed gas flow rate increased to 76 ml. min^-1. Larger electrode gap and higher discharge voltage were advantageous. Electrode shape had an important effect on the conversion of DME and production of H2- Among the five electrodes, electrode 2# with valid length of 55 mm and the radian of 34 degrees of the top electrode section was the best option, which enhanced obviously the conversion of DME.     

中心城区泵站旱天放江特征及削减潜力分析

中心城区泵站旱天放江产生的臭味已成为严重影响河道水质景观、居民环保投诉的主要问题。该文通过对上海市中心城区近五年泵站放江水量和污染物浓度的分析,明确了旱天放江量近年呈显著下降趋势,旱流放江量是旱天放江减排的重点,雨水泵站是下一步旱天放江控制的重点;泵站旱天放江污染物浓度与当地生活污水水质相近。对于旱流放江和试车放江,可采用工程性措施和管理性措施削减其放江量。中心城区旱天放江有削减潜力的泵站82座,其中应用工程性措施和管理性措施分别能削减旱天放江量约867.95万和908.21万m3,预计总削减量约占2012年旱天放江总量的71.55％。     

污水再生利用工程运行中存在的问题与对策

针对包头市北郊水质净化厂污水再生利用工程在实际运行过程中存在的进水量不稳定、无就地控制单元、无法正常排泥、气水同冲时冲洗强度无法调节、气动阀门动作不灵敏及出水泵选型单一无法满足用户需求等问题,通过采取增建调节池,改造控制系统,排泥采用改装电动阀或增加真空抽吸装置及真空泵,变频控制反洗泵,封闭空压机所在空间,重新配置出水泵等措施,保证了再生水系统的正常运行,满足了用户的用水要求。     

PtIr高温合金电火花线切割工艺参数优化研究

为了提高PtIr高温合金电火花线切割加工的表面质量及减少切割边缘毛刺,研究电流、脉宽、脉间距对PtIr合金电火花线切割加工效果的影响。结果表明：加工过程的参数对材料的表面粗糙度及边缘毛刺有重要影响。对电火花线切割加工工艺参数进行了优化,电流为5 A、脉宽5μs、脉距5μs时、加工速度150步/S、钼丝直径0.1 mm时加工效果最佳,表面粗糙度Ra值为0.14μm,切割精度公差可控制在±0.006 mm内。